3 The History of Judo 2

In Meiji era, Jujitsu is more prevalent than judo. Jujitsu is a little different from judo. Jujitsu has atemiwaza, but judo does not have it. Atemiwaza contains striking, kicking, tackling, pushing, punching. Jujitsu is a Japanese martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon or only a short weapon.

"Ju" can be translated to mean "gentle, soft, supple, flexible, pliable, or yielding." Jitsu" can be translated to mean "art" or "technique" and represents manipulating the opponent's force against himself rather than confronting it with one's own force. Jujutsu developed among the samuri of feudal Japan as a method for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon. Because striking against an armored opponent proved ineffective, practitioners learned that the most efficient methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were developed around the principle of using an attacker's energy against him, rather than directly opposing it.
On other hand, the number of people who do judo had been increasing more and more in the late of 1880's. Many schools took judo as a gymnastics and finally judo became an official subject in 1931.
Moreover judo came to be done among police, armies and workers.
After the World War Ⅱ, judo was prohibited at schools by Japanese government, but The Japanese Judoka Rally revived in 1948 and next year, The Japanese Judo League was organized. Furthermore doing judo was permitted at schools in 1950 and held national judo student meeting, so judo began to prevail in Japan.
Judo was first included in the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. After not being included in 1968, judo has been an Olympic sport in each Olympiad since then. Only male judoka participated until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when women participated as a Judoka compete in weight classes. Gold and silver medals are awarded based on a single elimination bracket. Two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class; quarter-finalists losers fight against other in the same half of bracket. Losers finish in seventh place, winners advance to the bronze medal contest against losing semifinalist of the opposite half of the bracket. Winners of these contests receive bronze medal and losers finish in fifth place.demonstration sport. Women judoka were first awarded medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
reference; ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道
               ;www.judo-ch.jp/

2 The History of Judo 1

Judo has been done since 12 century but its name has changed many times. In the Warring States period, judo is called "bugei". In Edo era, bugei developed and came to be called "jujitsu". At that time, it is said that there were more than one hundred judo techniques. Japanese people call them "judo waza". The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Jigoro Kano(1860-1938). He also established The University of Tsukuba, so he is very famous among our college students. He named jujitsu "judo"later. When Kano attended the Tokyo Imperial University in 1877, he started looking for jūjutsu teachers. He became the pupil of Hachinosuke Fukuda, who taught Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū in a 10-mat room adjacent to his practice. Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū was itself a combination of two older schools: the Yōshin-ryū and Shin no Shindō-ryū. Fukuda's training method consisted mostly of the student taking fall after fall for the teacher or senior student until he began to understand the mechanics of the technique. Needless to say, Kano did not beat Fukuda at all. Fukuda stressed applied technique over ritual form. He gave beginners a short description of the technique and then had them engage in free practice (randori) in order to teach through experience. It was only after the student had attained some proficiency that he taught them traditional forms, kata. This method was difficult, as there were no special mats for falling, only the standard straw mats (tatami) laid over wooden floors. After then, he had studied how to break the posture of the opponent by reading the opponent's motion for a long time. In May or June 1882, Kano started the Kodokan dojo with twelve mats, in space belonging to the Eishō-ji, a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo. Kano had only a handful of students at this time, but they improved their technique through regular contests with local police jujutsu teams. The Kodokan moved to a 60-mat space in April 1890. In December 1893, the Kodokan started moving to a larger space located in Tomizaka-cho, Koishikawa-cho, and the move was completed by February 1894. The Kodokan's first gankeiko, or winter training, took place at the Tomizaka-cho dojo during the winter of 1894–1895. Midsummer training, or shochugeiko, started in 1896.

During the late 1890s, the Kodokan moved two more times; first to a 207-mat space in November 1897, and then to a 314-mat space in January 1898. In 1909, Kano incorporated the Kodokan, and endowed it with ¥10,000. The reason, said Japan Times on 30 March 1913, was "so that this wonderful institution might be able to reconstruct, for that is what it really does, the moral and physical nature of the Japanese youth, without its founder's personal attention." The Kodokan moved once again during Kano's lifetime, and on 21 March 1934, the Kodokan dedicated this 510-mat facility. Guests at the opening included the Belgian, Italian, and Afghan ambassadors to Japan. In 1958, when the Kodokan moved to its current eight story facility, that now has more than 1200 mats, the old building was sold to the Japan Karate Association.

I used the following sites
wikipedia, ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道‎

嘉納治五郎の生涯,

www.judo-ch.jp/kanou_life/

                                             

                                                                                                                                              

          

1 The Rules of Judo

Judo has many rules, so these affect the games a lot and very important elements. The place which is done judo games is about 81 square meters in area on tatami. If you do waza to your opponent outside of the place, your waza is not admitted. Judo has as many as 66 nagewaza and 29 katamewaza. Judo is the sport that you can use these waza and beat your opponent. There are three referees in the games. The game time is between 3 minutes and 20 minutes, but most use 3 or 5 minutes. Judgments of judo game are not so difficult. Valid waza is divided three categories; ippon, wazaari, yukou. If your waza is evaluated as ippon, you win. If you take wazaari twice, you win. If you or your opponent does not take ippon or wazaari twice in time, the main referee decides the outcome of the game. At that time, the person who takes more yuko than the other or one wazaari is advantageous. If both of them do not take any valid waza, the game time is postponed until either of them takes some valid waza. By the way, I will explain about the differences of ippon, wazaari, yuko in detail. The first case is nagewaza. Nagewaza means that you throw your opponent. If you throw your opponent very speedy and strongly, your nagewaza is evaluated as ippon. If either speed or strength is not adequate, your nagewaza is evaluated as wazaari. If both of them are not adequate, your nagewaza is evaluated as yuko.  These distinction are difficult, but speaking of katamewaza, the second case, they are not so difficult. Katamewaza means that you hold down your opponent for a fixed period of time. If you hold down your opponent for 25 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as ippon. If you hold down your opponent from 20 seconds to 25 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as wazaari. If you hold down your opponent from 15 seconds to 20 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as yuko.If your opponent shows surrender among your katamewaza, your katamewaza is evaluated as ippon. The etiquette is very important in judo. You need to bow before the games and after the games. If you do not do this, you have an offence. You have to respect your opponent at all times. This sprit is often seen in many Japanese sports and has continued since 12 century.

All about Kazumasa

Hello, my name is Kazumasa Yamamoto. My home town is Nerima in Tokyo. I was born in 1995, so I am eighteen years old now. Ｔhere are many big parks in Nerima, so I would often play with my friends outside. Nerima is famous for anime and Japanese radishes. The first Japanese anime was born in Nerima. Nerima has also a rich natural environment. Nerima is comfortable for me to live, so I like Nerima very well. I have one younger brother whose name is Yoshio. He is a junior high school student. He belongs to a baseball club team. He is very poor at studying, especially mathematics. My father name is Yoshihiko. He is a cram school teacher, and he teaches English, but  I and my younger brother is not good at English well. My mother works as a travel agent. I have done Judo since my junior high school days. Judo has many techniques and strict rules, so it is very interesting for me. My favorite technique is seoinage which I think is the most popular techniques. It is very spectacular. My favorite Judoka is Kosei Inoue. He won the gold medal in the under 100 kg class at the 2000 summer Olympics. He is well known for his specialty throws, inner thigh throw and major inner reap. He is widely considered by the Judo community as one of best competitive Judokas. His notable accomplishments include three gold medals at the World Championship and All Japan Championship (one of four Judokas who has accomplished this).

His older brother, Tomokazu Inoue is also judoka and former Asian champion. Furthermore I like Toshihiko Koga, who is a retired judoka and Olympic champion who competed in the -71 kg and-78 kg divisions. Koga is regarded as having perhaps the greatest Ippon seoinage ever. By the way, I belong to the Science and Engineering 3class at The University of Tsukuba. I live in my own apartment.  I often cook breakfast and dinner with a cooking book. I think my apartment is very cheap. When it rains, I always see slugs outside of my apartment. They are very ugly, so I dislike rainy days. I sometimes study not English but mathematics. Mathematics is very hard for me, so I have to study it. Every its class, too many assignments are given by my teacher. My hobby is listening to music, especially I like Mr. Children. Mr. Children is one of the most popular music groups in Japan. This group consists of four people. All of them are essential for Mr. Children. My favorite food is rice. I dislike mushrooms. I teach Japanese and mathematics at a cram school as a part-time job on Tuesdays and Fridays. This job is very interesting for me.