7 The Technique of Judo 2

Katame-waza, grappling techniques, is also essential in judo and is often seen in judo games. These techniques are very high level and risky. Grappling techniques are classified by three techniques. These are osaekomi-waza; holding or pinning techniques, shime-waza; strangulation techniques, kansetsu-waza; joint techniques. Osaekomi-waza has seven kinds of techniques; katagatame, kesagatame, kuzure-kesagatame, kamishihogatame, kuzure-kamishihogatame, tateshihokatame, yokoshihokatame. In these techniques, “katame” or “gatame” means locking. Major osaekomi-waza are kesagatame, kamishihogatame, tateshihokatame, yokoshihoukatame. In case of kesagatame, one can suppress the opponent by closing his waist to the opponent’s side and opening his body, pinching the opponent’s arm deeply by one arm, holding the opponents neck, griping the opponent’s collar. This kesagatame is also used in wrestling.

kesagatame

In case of kamishihogatame, one can suppress the opponent by riding on the opponent. When doing this, one must grip the opponent’s obi and close one’s side in order to lock opponent’s both hands.

In case of tateshihokatame, one can suppress the opponent by straddling the opponent’s middle and closing one’s chest to the opponent. At this time, the opponent lies on his back. One must control opponent’s neck or shoulder with one’s arm and opponent’s both legs with one’s legs.

In case of yokoshihokatame, one can suppress the opponent by carrying one’s arm from the opponent’s side to the opponent’s neck and locking the opponent’s neck, then holding the opponent’s leg with the other arm and riding on the opponent and closing one’s chest. At this time, the opponent also lies on his back. The more one lower his waist, the easier one can control the opponent’s movement. I think this technique is the most effective in osaekomi-waza.

 


In case of katagatame, one can suppress the opponent by locking opponent's neck and arm which is raised upward with one's both arms. One must close his head on the opponent in order to control the opponent's movement. This osaekomi-waza is one of the most difficult techniques in judo.

One can get ippon if one suppresses the opponent for more than 25seconds by using these osaekomi-waza. (Getting ippon means winning) One can get wazaari if one suppresses the opponent for 20~25 seconds. (Getting wazaari twice means winning  One can get yuko if one suppresses the opponent for 15~20 seconds. (If one get yuko, the chance one wins by judgment increases) If the opponent says "give in way" or signals while one suppress the opponent, one win regardless the time.



reference; Wikipedia 　ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道

Nelson Mandela ; Breaking News

Nelson Mandela who was a politician in South Africa died on December in 2013. At that time he was ninety five years old. Mandela was born in Kunu village as Dende tribe in 1918. He was a child of the village mayor. His full name is Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. When he was a college student, he entered Africa National Congress (ANC). He tackled an anti-apartheid campaign. Apartheid is a policy which discriminates black people in South Africa. It contains many kinds of discrimination. At that time, franchise belong to only white people. As for employment, wages of industrial white workers were six times higher than those of black workers, especially wages of mining industrial white workers were twenty one times higher than those of white workers. Many black people were forced to live in very poor huts. If black people entered to white people's residence or white people entered to black people's residence, they were punished severely. Black people and white people went to separate schools. Funds for education of white people per person were about ten times higher than those of black people and there was no compulsory education for black people. Moreover many kinds of things were separated, for example bath rooms, buses, restraints, trains, hotels, movie theaters, parks and so on. Hospitals of white people had satisfactory facilities, but those of black people were very poor. Of course they were punished severely if they came to love with each other.




 

Nelson Mandela



apartheid



Nelson Mandela organized Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation", abbreviated MK) and became the first conductor in 1961. But he was arrested because of its organization activity in 1962 and imprisoned for Ruben Island in 1964. He lived in the prison for twenty seven years. Finally he was free from the prison in 1990 and became an Africa National Congress ( ANC ) chairman in 1991 and he tried to abolish aapartheid zealously with Frederik Willem Deklerk who was the president in South Africa at that time. Nelson Mandela awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 because he contributed to end apartheid policy peacefully and make the new democratic basis in South Africa. He ran for the first election that all races can take part in and became the first black president in South Africa in 1994. He worked as the eighth president for five years and retired in 1999.　Now South Africa is one of the multinational countries in the world.

6 The Techniques of Judo 1

There are many kinds of techniques in Judo and these are one of the most interesting elements.　Standing techniques are known well and spectacle. Standing techniques are attacking opponents with standing and contain many spectacle waza. For example, seoinage, ipponseoi, taiotoshi, osotogari, ouchigari, ogoshi, uchimata and so on. Seoinage is a shoulder throw, one of the traditional forty throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. The specific techniques of two hands seoi-nage or eri-seoi are generally called seoi-nage. This is one of the most famous waza in judo. The distinctive technical aspect of this classification is that the one executing the technique grips with his two hands as opposed to Ippon Seoi Nage in which only one hand remains gripping while the other slides under the one receiving the technique armpit. First, he breaks his opponent's balance forward. Next, he lowers his posture and turns 180°. Then he humps his opponent and throws. Seoi nage is one of the highest-scoring techniques in judo.

 

 

 

taiotoshi is smilar to seoinage. First, he breaks his opponent's balance. Next, he steps with his foot in order to block his opponent's foot, and then throws his opponents forward by both hands. Osotogari and ouchigari are often used in judo games. In a classical right-handed osotogari, he steps next to his opponent with his left leg and reaps opponents right leg (at the back of the thigh) with his right leg. 

In right Ouchi Gari, he reaps his opponent's left leg with his right leg from the inside while pulling his opponents down. In competition, the reaping action of the classical variation is sometimes replaced with a hooking or lifting motion, and the left hand can be used to lift or block opponent's other leg while reaping the other.
O-goshi's classification as a  hip technique, indicates the central role that the hip plays in the execution of the technique.
In this technique, breaking the balance is to his opponent's front. Turning involves tori turning his hips, moving them in front and below opponent's hips, with his hand passing behind his opponent's back, usually under opponent's arm, while minimising the amount of space between his back and opponent's chest. His hand pulls opponent's arm to the front, maintaining the balance break. The execution of the throw involves tori lifting with the hips and bending forward while continuing the pull to the front and down, bringing his opponent onto the mat at his feet.

^{reference;　wikipedia}  ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道‎

             柔道チャンネル　

                              www.judo-ch.jp/‎

5 "Ukemi" and Olympic in Judo

Defensive postures are very important in case of there is an accident in judo. Judo has three basic defensive postures; front defensive posture, back defensive posture, side defensive posture. People who do judo must master these defensive postures at first and then learn many kinds of judo techniques. Defensive postures are used when judokas are thrown or knocked down on tatami. They soften impact by beating tatami with their hands and prevent from hitting their heads to tatami. They beat tatami with either hand in side defensive posture and front defensive posture, but with both hands in back defensive posture. As they beat tatami strongly, they can soften more impact. Defensive postures are called "ukemi" in Japanese. "uke" means receiving and " mi" means body so literally translated as "receiving body", it is the art of knowing how to respond correctly to an attack and often incorporates skills to allow one to do so safely.

Judo was known foreign countries for the first time in Los Angeles Olympic in 1932, but judo was not an official sport in the Olympic at that time. Finally judo became a official sport in Tokyo Olympic in 1964.　Although Japan dominated three of the four weight divisions (light, middle and heavy), Anton Geesink, who is from the Netherlands, won the final of the open weight division, defeating Akio Kaminaga, who is one of the most famous Japanese judoka at that time, in front of his home crowd. This game was the surprising event for Japanese. At the result, this game caused judo to prevail in the world. Women can come to take part in judo in Barcelona Olympic in 1992.  Now judo is prevalent in the world and International Judo Federation was established. The international governing body for judo is The International Judo Federation (IJF), founded in 1951. Members of the IJF include the African Judo Union (AJU), the Pan-American Judo Confederation (PJC), the Judo Union of Asia (JUA), the European Judo Union (EJU) and the Oceania Judo Union (OJU), each comprising a number of national judo associations. As many as 199 countries join The International Judo Federation now. The IJF is responsible for organizing international competition and hosts the World Judo Championships and is involved in running the Olympic Judo events. Judo is also popular in Russia, Europe, and Brazil. In particular there are more than 500 thousand judokas in France. This number is larger than that of Japan.

reference wikipedia

              ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道‎

              柔道チャンネル
　　　　　　　 www.judo-ch.jp/

4 The Ranks of Judo

Judo has a rank system and there are many ranks in judo. These ranks are known by the color of Obi. Obi is a belt which the judoka wears when they do judo. The rank system has been used in many Japanese games and sports since old times. For example, Kendo, Kyudo, Igo and Syogi. These are Japanese traditional culture

Jigoro Kano is a first person who introduced the rank system in Japan. Ranks consists of beginners, 5th kyu, 4th kyu~1st kyu, 1st dan, 2nd dan~10th dan. The color of Obi represents strength. As the number goes down, the rank goes up from 10th kyu to 1st kyu, but as the number goes up, the rank goes up from 1st dan.


Many Japanese martial arts feature an obi as part of their exercise outfit. These obis are often made of thick cotton and are about 5 cm wide. The martial arts obis are most often worn in the koma-musubi knot (square knot); in practice where hakama is worn, the obi is tied in other ways.
In many martial arts the color of the obi signifies the wearer's skill level. Usually the colors start from the beginner's white and end in the master's black, or red and white.
Below are the colours of obis worn for judo practise. Junior practitioners have a different colour range. There are also other colour ranges used worldwide

Level	Obi colour
beginners	red
10th kyū	white
9th kyū	yellow
8th and 7th kyū	orange
6th and 5th kyū	green
4th and 3rd kyū	blue
2nd and 1st kyū	brown
1st - 5th dan	black
6th and 7th dan	red and white
8th - 10th dan	red
Shōdan-ho	brown and black ("temporary black")
1st – 5th dan	black
6th dan and higher	red and white

Judokas can raise their ranks if they pass the Judo league contest, but they need to go Kodokan and pass the contest in case of 6th dan and higher. Many judokas who are higher than 6th dan uses not white obi but black obi because black means the quantity of a lot of practice.The highest grade jūdan (tenth degree black belt) has no formal requirements and is decided by the president of the Kodokan, currently Kano Jigoro's grandson Yukimitsu Kano. As of 2011, fifteen Japanese men have been promoted to this rank by the Kodokan, three of whom are still alive; the IJF and Western national federations have promoted another seven who are not recognized by the Kodokan. On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th dan, who is the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank.

 reference; wikipedia

                  ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道

                  柔道チャンネル
　　　　　　　　www.judo-ch.jp › 柔道関連団体 › 柔道に関連する連盟

3 The History of Judo 2

In Meiji era, Jujitsu is more prevalent than judo. Jujitsu is a little different from judo. Jujitsu has atemiwaza, but judo does not have it. Atemiwaza contains striking, kicking, tackling, pushing, punching. Jujitsu is a Japanese martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon or only a short weapon.

"Ju" can be translated to mean "gentle, soft, supple, flexible, pliable, or yielding." Jitsu" can be translated to mean "art" or "technique" and represents manipulating the opponent's force against himself rather than confronting it with one's own force. Jujutsu developed among the samuri of feudal Japan as a method for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon. Because striking against an armored opponent proved ineffective, practitioners learned that the most efficient methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were developed around the principle of using an attacker's energy against him, rather than directly opposing it.
On other hand, the number of people who do judo had been increasing more and more in the late of 1880's. Many schools took judo as a gymnastics and finally judo became an official subject in 1931.
Moreover judo came to be done among police, armies and workers.
After the World War Ⅱ, judo was prohibited at schools by Japanese government, but The Japanese Judoka Rally revived in 1948 and next year, The Japanese Judo League was organized. Furthermore doing judo was permitted at schools in 1950 and held national judo student meeting, so judo began to prevail in Japan.
Judo was first included in the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. After not being included in 1968, judo has been an Olympic sport in each Olympiad since then. Only male judoka participated until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when women participated as a Judoka compete in weight classes. Gold and silver medals are awarded based on a single elimination bracket. Two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class; quarter-finalists losers fight against other in the same half of bracket. Losers finish in seventh place, winners advance to the bronze medal contest against losing semifinalist of the opposite half of the bracket. Winners of these contests receive bronze medal and losers finish in fifth place.demonstration sport. Women judoka were first awarded medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
reference; ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道
               ;www.judo-ch.jp/

2 The History of Judo 1

Judo has been done since 12 century but its name has changed many times. In the Warring States period, judo is called "bugei". In Edo era, bugei developed and came to be called "jujitsu". At that time, it is said that there were more than one hundred judo techniques. Japanese people call them "judo waza". The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Jigoro Kano(1860-1938). He also established The University of Tsukuba, so he is very famous among our college students. He named jujitsu "judo"later. When Kano attended the Tokyo Imperial University in 1877, he started looking for jūjutsu teachers. He became the pupil of Hachinosuke Fukuda, who taught Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū in a 10-mat room adjacent to his practice. Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū was itself a combination of two older schools: the Yōshin-ryū and Shin no Shindō-ryū. Fukuda's training method consisted mostly of the student taking fall after fall for the teacher or senior student until he began to understand the mechanics of the technique. Needless to say, Kano did not beat Fukuda at all. Fukuda stressed applied technique over ritual form. He gave beginners a short description of the technique and then had them engage in free practice (randori) in order to teach through experience. It was only after the student had attained some proficiency that he taught them traditional forms, kata. This method was difficult, as there were no special mats for falling, only the standard straw mats (tatami) laid over wooden floors. After then, he had studied how to break the posture of the opponent by reading the opponent's motion for a long time. In May or June 1882, Kano started the Kodokan dojo with twelve mats, in space belonging to the Eishō-ji, a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo. Kano had only a handful of students at this time, but they improved their technique through regular contests with local police jujutsu teams. The Kodokan moved to a 60-mat space in April 1890. In December 1893, the Kodokan started moving to a larger space located in Tomizaka-cho, Koishikawa-cho, and the move was completed by February 1894. The Kodokan's first gankeiko, or winter training, took place at the Tomizaka-cho dojo during the winter of 1894–1895. Midsummer training, or shochugeiko, started in 1896.

During the late 1890s, the Kodokan moved two more times; first to a 207-mat space in November 1897, and then to a 314-mat space in January 1898. In 1909, Kano incorporated the Kodokan, and endowed it with ¥10,000. The reason, said Japan Times on 30 March 1913, was "so that this wonderful institution might be able to reconstruct, for that is what it really does, the moral and physical nature of the Japanese youth, without its founder's personal attention." The Kodokan moved once again during Kano's lifetime, and on 21 March 1934, the Kodokan dedicated this 510-mat facility. Guests at the opening included the Belgian, Italian, and Afghan ambassadors to Japan. In 1958, when the Kodokan moved to its current eight story facility, that now has more than 1200 mats, the old building was sold to the Japan Karate Association.

I used the following sites
wikipedia, ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柔道‎

嘉納治五郎の生涯,

www.judo-ch.jp/kanou_life/

                                             

                                                                                                                                              

          

1 The Rules of Judo

Judo has many rules, so these affect the games a lot and very important elements. The place which is done judo games is about 81 square meters in area on tatami. If you do waza to your opponent outside of the place, your waza is not admitted. Judo has as many as 66 nagewaza and 29 katamewaza. Judo is the sport that you can use these waza and beat your opponent. There are three referees in the games. The game time is between 3 minutes and 20 minutes, but most use 3 or 5 minutes. Judgments of judo game are not so difficult. Valid waza is divided three categories; ippon, wazaari, yukou. If your waza is evaluated as ippon, you win. If you take wazaari twice, you win. If you or your opponent does not take ippon or wazaari twice in time, the main referee decides the outcome of the game. At that time, the person who takes more yuko than the other or one wazaari is advantageous. If both of them do not take any valid waza, the game time is postponed until either of them takes some valid waza. By the way, I will explain about the differences of ippon, wazaari, yuko in detail. The first case is nagewaza. Nagewaza means that you throw your opponent. If you throw your opponent very speedy and strongly, your nagewaza is evaluated as ippon. If either speed or strength is not adequate, your nagewaza is evaluated as wazaari. If both of them are not adequate, your nagewaza is evaluated as yuko.  These distinction are difficult, but speaking of katamewaza, the second case, they are not so difficult. Katamewaza means that you hold down your opponent for a fixed period of time. If you hold down your opponent for 25 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as ippon. If you hold down your opponent from 20 seconds to 25 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as wazaari. If you hold down your opponent from 15 seconds to 20 seconds, your katamewaza is evaluated as yuko.If your opponent shows surrender among your katamewaza, your katamewaza is evaluated as ippon. The etiquette is very important in judo. You need to bow before the games and after the games. If you do not do this, you have an offence. You have to respect your opponent at all times. This sprit is often seen in many Japanese sports and has continued since 12 century.

All about Kazumasa

Hello, my name is Kazumasa Yamamoto. My home town is Nerima in Tokyo. I was born in 1995, so I am eighteen years old now. Ｔhere are many big parks in Nerima, so I would often play with my friends outside. Nerima is famous for anime and Japanese radishes. The first Japanese anime was born in Nerima. Nerima has also a rich natural environment. Nerima is comfortable for me to live, so I like Nerima very well. I have one younger brother whose name is Yoshio. He is a junior high school student. He belongs to a baseball club team. He is very poor at studying, especially mathematics. My father name is Yoshihiko. He is a cram school teacher, and he teaches English, but  I and my younger brother is not good at English well. My mother works as a travel agent. I have done Judo since my junior high school days. Judo has many techniques and strict rules, so it is very interesting for me. My favorite technique is seoinage which I think is the most popular techniques. It is very spectacular. My favorite Judoka is Kosei Inoue. He won the gold medal in the under 100 kg class at the 2000 summer Olympics. He is well known for his specialty throws, inner thigh throw and major inner reap. He is widely considered by the Judo community as one of best competitive Judokas. His notable accomplishments include three gold medals at the World Championship and All Japan Championship (one of four Judokas who has accomplished this).

His older brother, Tomokazu Inoue is also judoka and former Asian champion. Furthermore I like Toshihiko Koga, who is a retired judoka and Olympic champion who competed in the -71 kg and-78 kg divisions. Koga is regarded as having perhaps the greatest Ippon seoinage ever. By the way, I belong to the Science and Engineering 3class at The University of Tsukuba. I live in my own apartment.  I often cook breakfast and dinner with a cooking book. I think my apartment is very cheap. When it rains, I always see slugs outside of my apartment. They are very ugly, so I dislike rainy days. I sometimes study not English but mathematics. Mathematics is very hard for me, so I have to study it. Every its class, too many assignments are given by my teacher. My hobby is listening to music, especially I like Mr. Children. Mr. Children is one of the most popular music groups in Japan. This group consists of four people. All of them are essential for Mr. Children. My favorite food is rice. I dislike mushrooms. I teach Japanese and mathematics at a cram school as a part-time job on Tuesdays and Fridays. This job is very interesting for me.