Judo has a rank system and there are many ranks in judo. These ranks are known by the color of Obi. Obi is a belt which the judoka wears when they do judo. The rank system has been used in many Japanese games and sports since old times. For example, Kendo, Kyudo, Igo and Syogi. These are Japanese traditional culture
Jigoro Kano is a first person who introduced the rank system in Japan. Ranks consists of beginners, 5th kyu, 4th kyu~1st kyu, 1st dan, 2nd dan~10th dan. The color of Obi represents strength. As the number goes down, the rank goes up from 10th kyu to 1st kyu, but as the number goes up, the rank goes up from 1st dan.
Many Japanese martial arts feature an obi as part of their exercise outfit. These obis are often made of thick cotton and are about 5 cm wide. The martial arts obis are most often worn in the koma-musubi knot (square knot); in practice where hakama is worn, the obi is tied in other ways.
In many martial arts the color of the obi signifies the wearer's skill level. Usually the colors start from the beginner's white and end in the master's black, or red and white.
Below are the colours of obis worn for judo practise. Junior practitioners have a different colour range. There are also other colour ranges used worldwide
| Obi colour | |
|---|---|
| beginners | red |
| 10th kyū | white |
| 9th kyū | yellow |
| 8th and 7th kyū | orange |
| 6th and 5th kyū | green |
| 4th and 3rd kyū | blue |
| 2nd and 1st kyū | brown |
| 1st - 5th dan | black |
| 6th and 7th dan | red and white |
| 8th - 10th dan | red |
| Shōdan-ho | brown and black ("temporary black") |
| 1st – 5th dan | black |
| 6th dan and higher | red and white |
Judokas can raise their ranks if they pass the Judo league contest, but they need to go Kodokan and pass the contest in case of 6th dan and higher. Many judokas who are higher than 6th dan uses not white obi but black obi because black means the quantity of a lot of practice.The highest grade jūdan (tenth degree black belt) has no formal requirements and is decided by the president of the Kodokan, currently Kano Jigoro's grandson Yukimitsu Kano. As of 2011, fifteen Japanese men have been promoted to this rank by the Kodokan, three of whom are still alive; the IJF and Western national federations have promoted another seven who are not recognized by the Kodokan. On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th dan, who is the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank.
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